Convert ingredient weights to brewing formulas
Enter your grain bill, hops, and target gravity to get water ratios, mash schedules, and predicted yields.
Recipe Settings
Calculated Results
Water to Grain (1.25:1 ratio)
Strike Water
Total Water Needed
Expected Pre-Boil Volume
Final Batch Volume
ABV Estimate
Mash Schedule
Enter values and click Calculate to see your mash schedule.
Common Brewing Scenarios
American Pale Ale (5.5% ABV)
10 lbs 2-Row Pale, 1 oz Cascade @ 15 min, target OG 1.050, FG 1.012. Uses 70% efficiency. Yields ~5 gallons.
Robust Porter (6.2% ABV)
8 lbs Pale Ale, 1 lb Munich, 8 oz Crystal 40L, 1 oz Fuggle @ 60 min. Target OG 1.056, FG 1.014.
Homemade Wine (12% ABV)
15 lbs Concord grapes (or 12 lbs grape juice), target OG 1.095, FG 1.010. Uses 75% efficiency for juice.
Helpful Notes
Understanding Efficiency
Potential gravity points = (Gravity Points per Pound per Gallon) x (PPG) x (Weight in lbs). Efficiency is Actual Points / Potential Points. 1 lb of pale malt in 1 gallon of water at full volume = 1.036 potential gravity.
Grain Absorption
Grain absorbs approximately 0.75 quarts of water per pound. In metric, use 0.85 liters per kg. This reduces your strike water calculation.
Boil-Off Rate
Standard 60-minute boil loses 0.13 gallons per minute (3 qt/min). Adjust this based on your kettle size and heat source. A rolling boil loses more than a gentle simmer.
Assumptions & Common Mistakes
- Absorption rate: Assumes 0.75 qt/lb grain absorption. Different crush or grain types may vary.
- Boil-off: Default 0.13 gal/min. Your stove/heat may be faster or slower.
- Mash thickness: 1.25:1 water-to-grain ratio is standard. Thin mashes (1.5:1) extract more but need more strike water.
- Mistake to avoid: Forgetting to account for water already in grain. Subtract absorption from strike water.
- Mistake to avoid: Using liquid malt extract (LME) values for dry malt extract (DME). LME is 37 PPG, DME is 46 PPG.